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1.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 30(2): 216-222, 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-835955

ABSTRACT

Las reacciones adversas a medicamentos (RAM) son un motivo frecuente de consulta en la práctica dermatológica. La hipersensibilidad a fármacos es una causa común de RAM, y es de gran relevancia confirmar este mecanismo para que el paciente evite futuras exposiciones. El test de parche tiene un rol relevante en el proceso diagnóstico de las reacciones de hipersensibilidad no inmediatas, otros test como la intradermorreacción o el test de provocación son más invasivos o de alto riesgo, y los exámenes in vitro para reacciones tardías no se encuentran fácilmente disponibles. El problema es que existe escasa estandarización del procedimiento y el valor predictivo del examen es incierto. En esta revisión exponemos la mejor evidencia disponible, lo que permitirá al especialista decidir cuándo hacer este examen y cómo interpretar sus resultados.


Adverse drugs reactions (ADR) are a frequent diagnosis in dermatological practice. Drug hypersensitivity is a common ADR etiology, and it is greatly relevant to confirm this mechanism to avoid future exposures of the patient to the culprit drug. Patch test has an outstanding role in non-immediate hypersensitivity reactions diagnosis process, other tests like intradermal reaction or provocation test are more aggressive or implies more risk, and in-vitro test for non-inmediate reactions are not easily available. One of the main problems of patch test is the lack of standarization of the procedure and the uncertain predictive value. In this review is exposed the best evidence available, so the specialist could decide when to do the test and how interpret its results.


Subject(s)
Humans , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Patch Tests/methods , Drug Eruptions/etiology , Skin Tests/methods
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 140(12): 1589-1592, dic. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-674032

ABSTRACT

Herpes folliculitis is a rare manifestation of herpes virus infection. It usually represents a diagnostic challenge, due to the absence of characteristic skin manifestations such as vesicles or pustules. The reported cases are mainly associated with varicella zoster virus (VZV) and less commonly with herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 y HSV-2). We report a 51-year-old male with a relapsing non-Hodgkin Lymphoma under chemotherapy, with history of extensive follicular lesions lasting one month. The pathologic study of the lesions was consistent with necrotizing herpes folliculitis. The patient was treated with Valacyclovir, achieving remission of the lesions. The appearance of folliculitis, especially in an immunocompromised patient, should raise the suspicion of herpes virus infection. Polymerase chain reaction may help to elucidate the diagnosis when pathologic findings are non-specific.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Folliculitis/pathology , Herpesviridae Infections/pathology , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Immunocompromised Host , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/immunology , Polymerase Chain Reaction
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 140(4): 499-502, abr. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-643220

ABSTRACT

Background: Systemic amyloidosis is a rare disease that can affect any organ. Its clinical manifestations are varied and nonspecific. The skin involvement of this disease is common and can be easily recognized on physical examination. We report a 57-year-old male presenting with a two years history of malaise, dyspnea and myalgias. On physical examination, ungueal dystrophy, orange pigmentation of eyelids with periocular petechiae and mild macroglossia were observed. Incisional biopsies of the eyelids, cheeks and hands were obtained. The pathological study demonstrated amyloid deposits. Since protein electrophoresis was normal, the diagnosis of AA amyloidosis was postulated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Amyloidosis/pathology , Skin Diseases/pathology , Biopsy
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 138(10): 1281-1284, oct. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-572941

ABSTRACT

Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis is a perforating dermatosis characterized by transepidermal elimination of collagen. It is frequently associated to diabetes mellitus and chronic renal insuffciency, but it is also related to other systemic diseases. The lesions tend to resolve once the underlying condition is treated. We report two patients with the condition. A 65 year-old diabetic female on hemodialysis consulted for multiple itching cutaneous ulcers lasting one year. On physical examination, hyperpigmented papules and nodules were observed. A 65 year-old female with chronic renal failure in hemodialysis consulted for itching lesions in hands, forearms and arms. On physical examination, hyperpigmented lesions with ulcers, erosions and crusts were observed. In both cases, the pathological study of the lesions disclosed a reactive perforating collagenosis.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Collagen Diseases/etiology , /complications , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Skin Diseases/diagnosis , Collagen Diseases/pathology , Skin Diseases/etiology , Skin Diseases/pathology
5.
Rev. chil. cir ; 62(3): 272-275, jun. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-562728

ABSTRACT

Basosquamous carcinoma is a relatively rare cutaneous tumour that shares some characteristics of both basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma. Currently most dermatologists consider that it represents a subtype of basal cell carcinoma with a more aggressive behaviour. The clinical presentation is non-specific and in general the diagnosis is made after the histopathological studies. The prevalence is higher in male patients, during the seventh decade and it tends to appear on sun exposed areas. Many authors compare its behaviour with squamous cell carcinoma. We present the case of a 44 years old male patient with a history of chronic arsenic exposure that presented a firm tumor in the left inguinal region and the biopsy showed basosquamous carcinoma with lymphatic involvement. This case shows an atypical presentation because of its localization and the appearance 20 years before the mean age reported in the literature. This could be explained by chronic environmental arsenic exposure, a well known risk factor for the development of cutaneous tumours.


El carcinoma basoescamoso es una neoplasia cutánea relativamente rara que reúne características de carcinoma basocelular y espinocelular. Actualmente la mayoría de los dermatólogos reconocen que este es un subtipo del carcinoma basocelular con comportamiento muchísimo más agresivo. Su presentación clínica es inespecífica y en general su diagnóstico se realiza sólo después de la biopsia. Predomina en pacientes de sexo masculino durante la séptima década de la vida y tiende a aparecer en regiones fotoexpuestas. Muchos autores igualan su comportamiento al del carcinoma espinocelular. Se presenta el caso de un paciente, de sexo masculino, de 44 años de edad, con antecedente de exposición a arsénico medioambiental crónica, que presentó aumento de volumen, duro en la región inguinal izquierda, cuya biopsia fue compatible con carcinoma basoescamoso con compromiso linfático. El caso de nuestro paciente muestra una presentación atípica por su localización y por la aparición 20 años antes de la media de edad reportada en la literatura. Esto podría ser explicado por la exposición crónica a arsénico, conocido factor de riesgo para carcinogénesis cutánea.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Arsenic/adverse effects , Carcinoma, Basosquamous/chemically induced , Carcinoma, Basosquamous/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/chemically induced , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Basosquamous/surgery , Environmental Exposure , Lymphatic Metastasis , Skin Neoplasms/surgery
6.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 26(2): 131-137, 2010. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-569957

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las Reacciones de Hipersensibilidad Medicomentosa (RHM) son un motivo de consulta muy común en Dermatología. Con el objetivo de implementar la farmacovigilancia dentro de la Sociedad Chilena de Dermatología (SOCHIDERM) se creó un Protocolo paro la notificación de RHM de tipo muco-cutáneo. Objetivo: Validar una propuesta de Protocolo de Farmacovigilancia de RHM de tipo mucocutáneo de la SOCHIDERM paro el uso de dermatólogos y médicos de nuestro país. Resultados: En nuestro estudio, la frecuencia de RHM fue 0,3% -0,5% del total de consultas ambulatorias y 5,2% 17,2% de las interconsultas a Dermatología. Los patrones más frecuentes fueron el urticarial, morbiliforme y la reacción medicamentosa fija. Los fármacos imputados con mayor frecuencia fueron los analgésicos/antiinflamatorios, los fármacos con acción en el sistema nervioso central, los antibióticos y los antihipertensivos. Discusión: Es importante tener un Protocolo de Farmacovigilancia. Esto nos permitirá obtener datos a nivel nacional. El desafío a corto plazo paro farmacovigilancia en SOCHIDERM es lograr notificar las RHM de tipo muco-cutáneo graves o con compromiso vital, que sean atendidas por dermatólogos en nuestro país, a través del Protocolo de Farmacovigilancia SOCHIDERM.


Introduction: Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions (DHR) are a common cause of consultation in dermatology. In order to implement fharmacovigilance in the Chilean Society of Dermatology (SOCHIDERM), we created a protocol for the notification of mucocutaneous DHR. Objective: To validate a SOCHIDERM mucocutaneous DHR pharmacovigilance protocol for dermatologists and physicians in our country. Results: In our study. DHR accounted for 0.3-0.5 % of all outpatient consultations, and 5,2-17,2% of interconsultations in dermatology. The most frequent patterns were urticarial, morbilliform and fixed drug reaction. The drugs most frequently involved were analgesics/anti-inflammatory drugs with action in the central nervous system, antibiotics and antihypertensives. Discussion: It is important to have a Pharmacovigilance Protocol since it will allow to obtain nationwide data. The short-term challenge for the SOCHIDERM pharmacovigilance is to notify serious or life-threatening mucocutaneous DHR that have been seen by dermatologists in our country, through this Protocol.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Drug Hypersensitivity/epidemiology , Pharmaceutical Preparations/adverse effects , Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems/organization & administration , Age and Sex Distribution , Clinical Protocols , Chile/epidemiology , Drug Eruptions/epidemiology , Hospitals/statistics & numerical data , Ambulatory Care Facilities/statistics & numerical data , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Disease Notification , Retrospective Studies
7.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 26(3): 295-302, 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-569987

ABSTRACT

Las mastocitosis incluyen un amplio espectro de patologías que tienen en común la infiltración anormal de mastocitos en diversos órganos, siendo la piel el más frecuentemente comprometido. Se reconocen dos variantes principales de la enfermedad: la mastocitosis cutánea (MC), que sólo compromete la piel, y la mastocítosis sistémica (M S), donde hay compromiso de órganos extracutáneos. La sintomatología de ambas variantes es causada por la infiltración celular y daño directo sobre los tejidos, así como por la liberación de mediadores químicos a la circulación sistémica, lo que hace que su presentación clínica sea altamente variable. Las mastocitosis en niños se presentan generalmente como MC, son de buen pronóstico y evolucionan con remisión de las lesiones en la mayoría de los casos. Las MS son muy poco frecuentes en este grupo etario; sin embargo, su curso crónico y la agresividad que pueden adquirir ponen en relieve la importancia de considerarlas en el diagnóstico diferencial de estos cuadros. En la actualidad no existe tratamiento curativo para las mastocitosis y el manejo es fundamentalmente sintomático.


Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the abnormal infiltration of mast cells (MCs) in one or more organ systems, being the skin the most common organ affected. Two main variants of the disease are recognized: cutaneous mastocytosis (CM), if abnormal infiltrates are confined to the skin, and systemic mastocytosis (SM) , if extra-cutaneous tissues are involved. Symptoms are extremely variable and result from MC-derived mediators and from destructive infiltration of MCs. The typical presentation of pediatric-onset mastocytosis consists of cutaneous manifestations, and usually regresses spontaneously. SM is a chronic disease with variable clinical course ranging from asymptomatic to highly aggressive and rapidly devastating. SM is rare in children but should be considered in the differential diagnosis. No curative treatment has been yet reported for mastocytosis and only symptomatic therapy is available.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Mastocytosis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Mastocytosis, Cutaneous/therapy , Mastocytosis, Systemic/diagnosis , Mastocytosis, Systemic/therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Mastocytosis, Cutaneous/classification , Mastocytosis, Cutaneous/etiology , Mastocytosis, Cutaneous/physiopathology , Mastocytosis, Systemic/classification , Mastocytosis, Systemic/etiology , Mastocytosis, Systemic/physiopathology , Prognosis
8.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 26(1): 42-45, 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-570367

ABSTRACT

La psoriasis ungueal es un problema común en los pacientes psoriáticos, con una incidencia de vida de 90%. A pesar de su alta incidencia y del gran impacto que produce en la calidad de vida, ha sido poco estudiada y el tratamiento óptimo aún no está bien dilucidado. Los corticoides tópicos y los análogos de la vitamina D son las terapias más usadas, pero no existe un esquema estándar para su uso. La combinación de estos agentes se ha estudiado en los últimos años para pacientes con afectación de la matriz y del lecho ungueal, mostrando muy buenos resultados. El caso que presentamos demuestra la sinergia entre estos agentes.


Nail psoriasis is a common problem among psoriatic patients, with a lifetime incidence of 90%. Despite its high incidence and severe impact on the quality of life, it has not been fully studied and the optimal treatment is still unclear. Topical glucocorticosteroids and vitamin D analogues are the most used therapies, but there is no standard therapeutic regimen for their use. The combination of both of these agents has been studied during the last years for the treatment of patients with matrix and bed nail compromise, showing very good results. The case that we present shows the synergy between these agents.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Female , Dermatologic Agents/administration & dosage , Calcitriol/analogs & derivatives , Clobetasol/administration & dosage , Nail Diseases/drug therapy , Psoriasis/drug therapy , Drug Therapy, Combination , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Lacquer , Ointments , Treatment Outcome
11.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 25(1): 38-41, 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-525456

ABSTRACT

La cirugía dermatológica sigue siendo la mejor indicación para el carcinoma basocelular; sin embargo, cuando afecta a áreas de compleja reparación quirúrgica, existen tipos histológicos que se benefician con nuevas terapias, como la terapia fotodinámica con metil aminolevulinato. Esto es de gran importancia para lesiones en el oído externo, principalmente en el pabellón auricular, ya que muchas veces su tratamiento requiere de colgajos o injertos de piel completa con gran dificultad técnica y resultados estéticamente insatisfactorios. La TFD usando metil aminolevulinato (MAL) tópico ha mostrado ser tan efectiva como la crioterapia o la resección quirúrgica en el CBC primario, pero con la ventaja agregada de una cosmética superior. En el presente artículo se muestran dos casos de CBC de pabellón auricular tratados con MAL tópico, cuyos resultados, tanto cosméticos como oncológicos, han sido plenamente satisfactorios a 19 meses de seguimiento.


Dermatologic surgery is still the best choice for basal cell carcinoma treatment. But, when the lesion is present in difficult to treat areas, there are histological types that benefit from therapies such as topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) using methyl aminolevulinate (MAL). This is of great importance for injuries in the external ear, mostly in the helix, as it often requires treatments or flaps of full-thickness skin grafts with great technical difficulty and aesthetically unsatisfactory results. PDT with MAL has proven to be as effective as cryotherapy or surgical resection in primary BCC, but with the added advantage of superior cosmetic results. We present two cases of BCC of the ear treated with topical MAL, whose results, both cosmetic as oncologic, have been fully satisfactory for over 19 months of follow-up.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aminolevulinic Acid/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/drug therapy , Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy , Ear Neoplasms/drug therapy , Photochemotherapy , Administration, Topical , Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Ear, External
13.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 25(4): 339-343, 2009. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-574155

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El éxito de los tratamientos del acné no depende solo de la elección apropiada de los fármacos, sino también de la adherencia terapéutica. La falta de adherencia es un problema muy importante en Dermatología, pero existen escasos trabajos que analicen la utilidad de algunas intervenciones destinadas a incrementar la adherencia en pacientes con patologías cutáneas Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la consejería oral y escrita en la adherencia a tratamiento en pacientes con acné vulgar. Pacientes y Métodos: Ensayo clínico randomizado que aleatorizó en dos grupos a pacientes que consultaban por primera vez en nuestro Servicio por acné, entre noviembre de 2008 y febrero de 2009. El grupo control recibió la consejería oral habitual realizada en nuestro Servicio. El grupo intervención recibió la consejería oral habitual, consejería en forma escrita en la primera consulta y un refuerzo vía telefónica a los 15 días. La medición de los resultados se realizó mediante una encuesta telefónica, no ciega, a los 30, 60 y 90 días para evaluar adherencia. Resultados: De un total de 80 pacientes, se randomizaron en forma aleatoria 40 pacientes al grupo control y 40 al grupo intervención. Al primer mes se observó un mayor reporte de buena adherencia (uso del tratamiento todos los días) en el grupo intervención con un 80 por ciento a diferencia del grupo control con un reporte de 60 por ciento (p = 0,043). A los dos meses el 56 por ciento del grupo intervención y el 51 por ciento del grupo control reportaban buena adherencia (p = 0,4 I). A los tres meses el 56 por ciento del grupo intervención y el 38 por ciento del grupo control reportaban buena adherencia (p = 0,08 7). Conclusión: La consejería oral y escrita con un refuerzo telefónico a los 15 días incrementa la adherencia al mes de tratamiento y muestra una tendencia a favorecerla al segundo y tercer mes de seguimiento.


Introduction: The success of treatments in acne depends not only on the appropriate choice of therapeutic agent, but also on therapeutic adherence. Lack of adherence is a problem in dermatology. Few studies are available that evaluate the value of some interventions in order to increase adherence in patients with cutaneous diseases. Objective: To evaluate the impact of counseling in therapeutic adherence in patients with acne. Patients and Methods: Randomized controlled trial, with 2 groups of outpatients that had a first consultation for acne at our Center between November 2008 and February 2009. The control group received our regular oral counseling. The intervention group received the regular oral counseling plus written counseling in the first visit and phone reinforcement IS days later. The measurement of results to evaluate treatment adherence was done through a phone survey, not blinded, 30, 60 and 90 days after treatment Results: Of a total of 80 patients, 40 were randomized to the control group and 40 to the intervention group. At the end of the first month there was a greater account of good therapeutic adherence (use of treatment every day) in the intervention group (80 percent), in contrast with the control group (60 percent [p = 0.043]). At the end of the second month 56 percent in the intervention group and 51 percent in the control group reported good adherence (p = 0.4 I). At the third month 56 percent in the intervention group and 38 percent in the control group reported good adherence (p = 0.087). Conclusion: The oral and written counseling with a phone reinforcement 15 days later increases treatment adherence after I month and shows a tendency to benefit the some during the second and third months of treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Acne Vulgaris/psychology , Acne Vulgaris/therapy , Counseling , Patient Compliance , Single-Blind Method , Time Factors
14.
Rev. chil. cir ; 60(4): 348-351, ago. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-510433

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso de un paciente, hombre de 74 años, portador de hipertensión arterial crónica y diabetes mellitus Tipo 2, portador de un cáncer de colon derecho recientemente diagnosticado y que tenía planificada cirugía electiva. Es ingresado de urgencia al Hospital del Salvador por un cuadro de calofríos y fiebre alta de tres días de evolución, cuyo estudio descartó foco séptico pulmonar, urinario y otros, incluyendo Ecocardiograma para descartar una endocarditis. Solo se demostraron dos hemocultivos positivos para Streptococcus anginosus, siendo tratado exitosamente con Ceftriaxona y Metronidazol. Es intervenido quirúrgicamente al 7º día, encontrándose un tumor abscedado de colon derecho. Evolución postoperatoria satisfactoria, siendo dado de alta al 5º día del postoperatorio.


We report a 74 years old hypertensive and diabetic male with a recently diagnosed right colon cancer that consulted in the emergency room for fever and chills lasting three days. He was admitted, two blood cultures were positive for Streptococcus anginosus, treatment with Ceftriaxone and Metronidazole was started and fever subsided after four days of treatment. The surgical exploration showed that the colon cancer was abscessed and was the origin of the sepsis. The patient was discharged in good conditions five days later.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Streptococcal Infections/complications , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Colonic Neoplasms/surgery , Colonic Neoplasms/microbiology , Sepsis , Abscess , Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use , Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy , Metronidazole/therapeutic use , Streptococcus anginosus/isolation & purification , Treatment Outcome
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